Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller Based-Artificial Rabbits Algorithm for Load Frequency Control in Multi-Area Power Systems

A major problem in power systems is achieving a match between the load demand and generation demand, where security, dependability, quality are critical factors that need to be provided producers. This paper proposes proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller optimally designed using novel artificial rabbits algorithm (ARA) for frequency control (LFC) multi-area (MAPSs) of two-area non-reheat thermal systems. The PID incorporates filter with such derivative coefficient reduce effects accompanied noise. In this regard, single objective function assessed based on time-domain simulation minimize integral time-multiplied absolute error (ITAE). proposed ARA adjusts settings their best potential considering three dissimilar test cases different sets disturbances, results from compared various published techniques, including particle swarm optimization (PSO), differential evolution (DE), JAYA optimizer, self-adaptive multi-population elitist (SAMPE) JAYA. comparisons show controller’s design, which ARA, handles regulation MAPSs ITAE minimizations significant effectiveness success statistical analysis confirms its superiority. Considering change area 1, can acquire percentage improvements values 1.949%, 3.455%, 2.077% respectively, regard PSO, DE, SAMPE-JAYA. 2, 7.587%, 8.038%, 3.322% 2.066%, simultaneous changes areas 1 60.89%, 38.13%, 55.29% 17.97%,